Nepal is a country in the heart of the Mountains of the Himalayas, Southern Asia. Its capital, located in the city is divided into 7 provinces, and home to a multi-ethnic population of 26.4 million, of which the majority are of the hindu religion, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful countries in the world due to its geographic – fertile plains, hills and the forests, sub-alpine, the highest mountain in the world, including Mount Everest. But it is considered to be one of the most impoverished asian countries, with a history full of adventures. It is the birth place of Gautama Buddha the founder of buddhism.  the Kingdom of Nepal  

Because of the access to the Silk Road, Valeea of Kathmandu in Nepal, it was the city's prosperous in business. It has taken years and years and years of the empire, as the Mayurian or Honey, then of the kingdom of the Licchavi, Empire of India the population of the Newar and Malla. Even though it was the birthplace of the Buddha, Nepal gave up on buddhism, adopting hinduism as the official religion. In the TWELFTH century it became a kingdom where the king ruled for the next 200 years. There followed a difficult period in which the kingdom was divided. In the late FOURTEENTH century, the kingdom was unified, but later, it was divided into three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. In the late EIGHTEENTH century, and of a king of Gorkha, Prithvi Narayan Shah, he founded what would become Nepal today, by strengthening the borders and the neutrality of the other kingdoms in the mountains. After the battle of Kirtipur, he's made of control, and she's got Valeea in Kathmandu, in 1769. Nepal has extended the rule of the river Teesta up to the east to Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, across the Sutlej in the west, controloand trecătoarele in the mountains and interior valleys, to Tingri in Tibet. This made him the emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, War breaks out at the Sino-Nepal, forcing Nepal to retreat and pay for the damages to the Kmt. This was followed by a rivalry between the kingdom of Nepal and the East India Company, resulting in the war of the Anglo-Nepal, in 1815-1816. The british had been defeated. During the conflict ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, under which Nepal ceded the territories it captured in Sikim, and the Ball, give up, and the right to recruit soldiers. There followed a period of instability, in turn, to the royal family, culminating in a plot, in the year 1846, and the Massacre of Kot of the staff of the military loyal to the ruler of nepal, Jung Bahadur Kunwar, and the princes, and the princes who want to gain the throne. Kunwar, he laid the foundations of the Wound. Nepal has entered into the world, when he was signed in 1923, the treaty for a partnership with the united states, abolishing slavery, in 1924. The dynasty of the Injury, he continued, however, to be noted for his tyranny, religious persecution, deprivation, until the 1940s, when the pro-democracy movements and political parties have begun to criticize the autocracy of the regime. In the invasion of Tibet by China, India, he went on to fund the regime in Sudan. However, in 1989 a popular movement, on Jan Andolan, he forced king Birendra to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a house multipartid. On June 1, 2001, and the 10 members of the royal family, including king Birendra, was killed in an attack by the crown prince after he was refused, the decision to choose a wife. The board came to the king, Gyanendra, for the second time, but that was not to enjoy the rule has been fruitful. In 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal started a fight against the monarchy, proclaiming the people's republic by violent means, and results in a long, bloody civil war.

The beginning of the Rebellion maoist  

On February 13, 1996, the Party's Maoist Communist of india to initiate the people's war. The movement was led by Baburam Bhattarai, Hisila Yami, Ram Bahadur Thapa and Pushpa Kamal Dahal, alias Prachanda.

In Kathmandu, a plant of a soft drink, owned by a multinational company, was attacked and set on fire by the maoists. In the district of Gorkha, Chyangli, the Office of the Program of development of the small-scale farmer-owned agricultural development Bank has been destroyed. In the meantime, the district of Kavre, the home of the shark is being attacked over the night, and wealth, and property in the amount of $ 1.3 million of rupees are being seized, and that the documents for the loan that's worth millions of rupees have been destroyed. The 7 members of the family, the loan-shark was shot and killed.  

In the districts of Rolpa, Rukum, and Sindhuli, each of the outposts of the police force, he was attacked, that 17 police officers were killed.

In January 2001, the government set up the movement of the paramilatara of the Police Force, Armed to confront the insurgents. On the 28th of may, the leader of the Maoist, Prachanda, has given an interview to the magazine of the communist World to Win.

The outcome of the war had taken a turn favourable to the maoists from time to time. On the 1st of June, king Birendra, and members of the royal family were killed in a massacre by the crown prince Dipendra, who later committed suicide. Why? My forbidden to marry the girl of his choice. The brother of the deceased king, Gyanendra was crowned as the new king of Nepal. He was also the king of the temporary, in the years 1950-1951, when he was a child, and his grandfather, Tribhuvan, who was exiled to India with the rest of the family.

Seeing that the Marxists are at an advantage, and in august , the regime began peace talks , but they have failed in November, when the marxists have been pulled out of the talks and launched an attack on the positions of the police and the army, 42 for the district in which the 186-cops, the military and the pro-regime, and a total of 21 maoists were killed.

On the 26th of march, the government headed by former prime minister Sher Bahadur, the Uba has declared a state of emergency and ordered the military of nepal is about to attack the maoists. In the meantime, the u.s. department of state of the united states, he said the party's Maoist as a foreign terrorist organization.

In 2002, the US Congress has approved the delivery of the $ 12 million for the istruirea of the officers of the royal army of nepal and the supply of 5,000 rifles, M-16 because the fighting is happening along the border of the Pyūthān, and the district of Rolpa. The manufacturer of the belgian guns, FN Herstal has delivered 5,000 machine guns M249 SAW.

On the recommendation of the prime minister's Uba, king Gyanendra has nullified the election, until further notice. In the end, the government of the Uba has been dismissed, and the king picks up the power of the executive branch. This dizolveaza and house of Representatives of the Parliament. On the 11th of November, he called the prime minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand.

Civil War  

In January 2003, the united states continues to be involved in the training of the nepalese army. Insurgent maoists killed the inspector general of police, the army and the guard of the body.

On the 29th of January, there have been repeated talks of peace. It has been declared to the code of conduct of the government and the Maoist for the period of the cease-fire. But the military forces of nepal have killed a 39-the rebel maoists in the district of Ramechhap at the end of the offensive being launched.

On the 24th of august, the marxists were given an ultimatum by threatening to pull out of the cease-fire ncazul, in which the government does not accept it within 48 hours, to allow them to maoiștilor to participate in the Constituent Assembly. On the 26th of august, and the deadline has expired, and the regime has not given any sign of it. Thus, on 27 august, the marxists are withdrawn from the ceasefire and to resume their attacks.

On the 27th of September 15, the 8 rebels, maoists, and the 4 police officers were killed. The nepalese authorities had suspected that the marxists were bombed out of 5 utilities in government, in spite of the plans for the creation of a new cease-fire for 9 days.

In the Zone, in an industrial hub on the border with India, marxists, under the direct command of Prachanda, has made five of the bombing of the morning, the undermining of the service provider, and date. They've been bombed, and the offices of the department of roads and the Nepal electricity, as well as a tower.

On the 13th of September, a 42-out of new recruits, and 9 maoists have been ucusi when you 3000 by the maoists had ambushed the center for the training of the police force in the Bhaluwang, throwing bridges of the highway, up in the air, cutting through the cable to the phone and knocking down trees.

On the 11th of march, the government accused the maoists have abducted the 29 students in the district of Mugu.

On February 5, 2004, in a small village in Bhimad, the district of Makwanpur, a raid was executed by the Bhairavnath on the 14th of the rebel maoists suspect and two other civilians were rounded up and executed. Amnesty International reported in a letter intended for the government of nepal's human rights abuses, calling for an immediate investigation.  

In the meantime, two of the members of the central committee of the Party, the Maoist were arrested in Lucknow, this Ganesh Chilwal, he led a protest against the maoiștilor, is shot and killed two of the rebels. The fighting has erupted in the core of the jungle, to the west of the city in the district, Kalikot, where it is assumed that the adopostea 5000 of the maoist combatants. A private helicopter that flew over the base, he was struck by the troops of the maoist, but not the cause of the collapse.

In the following period, it is reported that dozens of rebels, maoists have been killed. On the 18th of February, a former member of parliament, a Lawmaker Khem Narayan Faudjar, was gunned down by two motorcycle riders maoists. It has been reported that 12 trucks hauling oil in India has been set on fire on the western border of the Country of the rebels. India fought hard, condemning the attacks as terrorism. In the city the protests of the pro-democratic and anti-monarchical it dezlănțuiau, more than 150 of the demonstrators being beaten by police officers.

Hundreds of rebels, maoists, armed with assault rifles, and cannons to the portable, the RPG-7 has attacked the headquarters of the police force of the Yadukuwa on April 4th, 8th and 9th maoists, and 13 police officers were killed, that's what we want, what the three of traders, the indians were killed, and their cars set on fire by the rebels.

On the 5th of April, he started the strike by the national three-day meeting of the maoists. The City in the wake of the clashes between 50,000 protesters and police have resulted in a 140 injured. The protests have spread in Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. King Gyanendra it didn't seem to care for, it is reported that he spent all his time in a tourist village in the western region of Nepal.

On the 16th of December, the luxury Hotel Soaltee, he was being bombarded, and on the 18th of September, a bomb exploded in a public market in the southern region of Nepal, where a child had been killed. The rebels, maoists demanded that the authorities release the warriors blocking the way for the next Match, threatening to attack the cars. Some of the businessmen, the gurkhas were shot to death. Kathnmandu was the subject of the blockade of the trade.

A bomb exploded at the office of the united states in many ways, on the 10th of September. Three days later, the peace corps and american have suspended operations , and the staff of the embassy of the united states, has been ordered to evacuate. On the 9th of September, a bomb exploded in a complex of government office, 36 people were injured.

The news about the murder of high-ranking officials, hostage-taking, and the bombings committed by the maoists were just starting to become a habit.  

On January 10, 2005 , the premieru Uba, said that it would increase spending on defense, if the marxists did not join the negotiations. The blockade, murders, attacks, and protests in the isle of man has led to the increase in the price of fuel by 25%.

On February 1, king Gyanendra dissolved the government of the Uba, he abolished the constitution and banned all news coverage. The military initiated the operation in the force, as well as the detention of political leaders, journalists, trade unionists and activists. Cell phones and the internet have been cut off.

On the 6th of November, another attack has taken place. The explosion of a bus that resulted in the deaths of 38 civilians and injured 70 others in the district of Chitwan.

On the 3rd of September, after a series of murders and fighting, the marxists have declared a three-month cease-fire, saying that they are ready to work with opposition politicians, who had the same goal – the removal of the monarchy.

In November 2006, the marxists, they launched coordinated attacks on military targets in the valley of the Kathmandui and blocalda has been extended to cover the road leading to the organization of a general strike. Violent clashes between the police and the rebels has led to hundreds of arrests and dozens of injuries in April. A state of siege had been proclaimed. On the orders of the king, any of the protesters who break the rules, was shot dead on the spot. In may, he issued the cease-fire negotiations between the rebels and the new cabinet and the government, led by prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala.  

On the 21st of November, the peace talks between the prime minister Koirala, and the leader of the maoists, Prachanda, has led to the conclusion of the civil war.

Republic Of Nepal   

Maoiștilor allowed in the end to take part in the life of the government, after controlling for more than 80% of the territory of the state.

Party-Maoist has obtained the majority of seats in the Constituent Assembly elections on 10 April 2008, a coalition government was formed. Dr Ram Baran Yadav to become the first president of the republic of Nepal.

On the 28th of may, 2008, a new parliament was convened in Kathmandu, where he was voted to declare Nepal as a secular state, and the democratic republic of the, as well as the suspension of the king, in the office, by giving him an ultimatum of 15 days in which to leave the royal palace and Royal, which had been re-opened as a public museum. Prachanda, was appointed prime minister in 2009.

Political tensions continued, however. The political struggles of the harsh took place in 2009, when the government, the maoist he was dismissed from the Communist-Leninist, who had formed a new government. The change of government led to a period of political instability.  

In February 2014, Sushil Koirala was appointed prime minister when the two major parties have come to an agreement. A new constitution was adopted, and enforced in 2015.

At that time, a devastating earthquake hit Nepal, resulting in the 8,500 people were killed and 21,000 injured. In October 2015, Bidhya Devi Bhandari was nominated as the first woman president, and in 2016, the leader of the maoist and the rebel leader, Prachanda , has become the prime minister.

After a long civil war, which resulted in a 17 800 casualties-dominated regime, the republican, communist, India, is one of the poorest countries in asia.  

Author: Stan, Alexandru Bogdan